The data. Data are shown as mean ?SD, unless it is Leave a comment

The data. Data are shown as mean ?SD, unless it is stated otherwise. A two sample t-test was used to assess differences in continuous variables, while a chi-square test was used bpV(phen) for categorical variables. Univariate linear regression analysis was performed to look for the relationship between AD and the variables of interest in the sample population. Then, multivariate linear regression analyses were performed (backward stepwise method) to look for independent associations between AD and the variables of interest. A total of 7 models of multivariate linear regression analysis have been created. Model 1 (corePage 3 of(page number not for citation purposes)Cardiovascular Diabetology 2008, 7:http://www.cardiab.com/content/7/1/Table 1: Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study subjects stratified according to the PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3986429 presence (MetS+) or not (MetS-) of metabolic syndromeMetS (-) n ( ) Males/females n ( ) Age (years) Body mass index (kg/m2) Waist (cm) Waist-to-hip ratio Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) Pulse pressure (mm Hg) Glucose (mmol/l) Total cholesterol (mmol/l) HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) Triglycerides (mmol/l) GFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) HOMA-IR* Duration of diabetes (years) HbA1c ( ) Hypertension (yes) n ( ) CAD (yes) n ( ) Use of stains (yes) n ( ) Any retinopathy (yes) n ( ) Microalbuminuria (yes) n ( ) Treatment for diabetes n ( ) Diet alone Antidiabetic tablets Insulin 74 (35.2) 35 (52.7)/39 (47.3) 59.9 ?7.4 27.6 ?4.8 94.8 ?11.1 0.91 ?0.08 128.2 ?22.7 74.38 ?12.66 53.8 ?17.0 9.37 ?3.46 5.55 ?1.14 1.33 ?0.33 3.66 ?1.03 1.14 ?0.42 99.7 ?26.8 PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12777835 3.7 (2.5?.1) 10.28 ?5.93 7.78 ?1.68 25 (47.2) 4 (8) 9 (12.2) 5 (6.8) 16 (32) 8 (10.8) 54 (73) 12 (16.2)MetS (+) 136 (64.8) 72 (52.9)/64 (47.1) 60.8 ?8.4 28.8 ?5.78 103.9 ?11.5 0.95 ?0.069 142.9 ?18.4 81.05 ?11.32 61.2 ?15.8 9.12 ?2.68 5.67 ?1.29 1.03 ?0.22 3.71 ?1.09 1.98 ?1.04 107.5 ?38.9 4.9 (3.2?.3) 11.53 ?8.78 7.55 ?1.74 69 (68.3) 12 (12.9) 35 (25.7) 19 (14.5) 47 (51.1) 22 (16.4) 88 (65.7) 24 (17.9)p 0.98 0.43 0.12 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.008 0.63 0.52 <0.001 0.91 <0.001 0.35 0.10 0.31 0.35 0.03 0.24 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.*Median values (interquartile range). p values for the comparison between groups with and without metabolic syndrome by independent samples ttest for continuous variables, Mann-Whitney U test for ordinal data or by Pearson 2 for nominal variables. HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; CAD: coronary artery disease.like ACE-I/ARBs, -adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers or diuretics (all p > 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated, after controlling for GFR, significant independent associations between AD and age (p = 0.02), duration of diabetes (p < 0.001), and history of hypertension (p = 0.004) and a suggestive association with sex (p = 0.08). These variables explained 34 of the variance of AD. No any significant relationship was found with MetS status, sum of the components of the MetS, or with the individual componentsbesides hypertension-of the MetS (Table 2).MetS and early atherosclerosis in diabetes The main finding of the present study is that in patients with T2DM, AD is not different between those with and without MetS and that diabetes-related factors, like duration of the disease as well as hypertension, are strongly associated with AD. This finding suggests that, f.